Alcúdia's early history
The first human settlement in Alcúdia dates back to 2000-1300 BC. Pretalayotic settlers, whose burial sites (or tombs) have survived to this day in La Cova de S'Hort del Rectoria and under the Roman theatre site, were followed by Phoenician and Greek settlements. The town reached its heyday in the 2nd century BC when the Roman invaders made it their capital, Pollentia, meaning 'power'.
The Romans
Romans brought an end to piracy and built an ordered town with well-maintained streets, sewers and drinking water. They also erected an impressive theatre on the outskirts in the year 1 BC, which was capable of holding 2,000 spectators. It was built into the bedrock and was likely used for plays and for acrobatics. The semi-circular seating areas are well preserved and the site is open to the public throughout the year.
Arab influence and restoration
After the Roman empire declined in the 5th century, Alcúdia was destroyed in the 6th century by marauding vandals. The town was eventually returned to greatness under the Moors, who built Al Qudya ('the town on the hill'). The narrow streets of the old town, especially Carrer d'en Serra, are resonant of its Arab past.
The walls you see today were added after the Spanish conquest in the early 14th century, under the rule of King Jaume II, as a way of protecting the town's inhabitants from further attacks. The most famous is the Portal de Moll or Xara Gate with two square towers and two massive palm trees standing guard, which is the symbol of Alcúdia. Look for the classic 14th century architecture of Ca'n Torro library, on Carrer d'en Serra. It opened in 1990 in a former mansion and hosts exhibitions and concerts.
20th century and modernisation
Alcúdia was developed for tourism in the 20th century, with the first hotel built in the 1930s and an influx of more hotels and tourist attractions opening after the death of Franco in the 1970s. However, even today, the authenticity of the old town remains intact due to construction regulations in the municipality.